Jaegwon Kim - Making Sense of Emergence (1999)
Kim's 'Making Sense of Emergence' ploughs thoroughly through a number of the most major questions for the philosophy of emergence:
downwards causation: is it possible or even necessary for a macro-level entity to be able to exert causal powers on micro-level parts (and, beyond that, its own micro-level parts)?
explainability, predictability, reducibility: can these properties be meaningfully decoupled, and which can then be applied to a truly emergent property?
synchronic vs diachronic causality: does it make sense for emergence to be divorced from a temporal base?
The conclusion is that the only well-formed foundation for strong emergence is one that is diachronically causal. A clearly seminal paper, but resulted in another feeling of metaphysical fatigue.